[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"item-1045":3,"related-1045":61},{"id":4,"title":5,"url":6,"summary":7,"summary_zh":8,"content":9,"source_name":10,"source_url":8,"published_at":11,"category":12,"cover_url":8,"hotness":13,"is_selected":14,"score":15,"score_detail":16,"sources":24,"tags":26,"primary_topic":31,"secondary_topics":37,"classification":38,"search_phrases":55,"slug":58,"view_count":59,"doi":8,"paper":8,"created_at":60},1045,"中国农科院油料所攻克油菜抗病与优质协同改良难题:叶片高硫苷种子低硫苷新种质破解叶片-种子硫苷耦合","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Fxwzx\u002Fkyhd\u002Ff4e92d0c3a03424e87e86fb069c4dfae.htm","中国农业科学院油料作物研究所油料作物基因组学与抗病性改良创新团队创制出叶片超高硫苷、种子低硫苷的油菜新种质,实现了油菜硫苷含量定向改良。叶片硫苷含量达49.4微摩尔\u002F克、种子硫苷含量降低70%以上且达国际双低标准,为目前已知叶片硫苷最高且种子硫苷最低的油菜。相关成果发表在《分子园艺(Molecular Horticulture)》上。该研究得到中国农业科学院科技创新工程、油菜产业体系和国家自然科学基金等项目资助。",null,"近日，中国农业科学院油料作物研究所油料作物基因组学与抗病性改良创新团队联合国内外科研机构，创制出叶片超高硫苷、种子低硫苷的油菜新种质，实现了油菜硫苷含量定向改良。相关成果发表在《分子园艺（Molecular Horticulture）》上。\n\n硫苷是十字花科植物特有的抗病虫化合物，叶片高硫苷可显著提高抗性，但硫苷有抗营养性，家畜食用高硫苷种子的饼粕会引发甲状腺肿大等问题。长期以来叶片与种子硫苷含量高度正相关，降低种子硫苷会同时降低叶片硫苷而削弱其抗性，提高叶片硫苷又会使种子硫苷升高、饼粕品质下降。因此，创制叶片高硫苷、种子低硫苷种质成为育种难题。\n\n团队经十余年攻关，构建了油菜泛基因组，绘制全球首张基因组结构变异全景图谱，系统鉴定出436个调控硫苷代谢的关键基因，首次揭示硫苷合成与转运关键基因紧密连锁是叶片和种子硫苷含量耦联的根本原因，并发现调控合成关键基因中存在高表达基因取代低表达同源基因的现象。根据此发现，科研人员利用基因编辑精准敲除硫苷转运基因，创制出叶片硫苷含量达49.4微摩尔\u002F克、种子硫苷含量降低70%以上且达国际双低标准的新种质，为目前已知叶片硫苷最高且种子硫苷最低的油菜，有效破解了叶片与种子硫苷含量高度耦合的难题，为高抗优质育种提供了新理论路径和种质资源。\n\n该研究得到中国农业科学院科技创新工程、油菜产业体系和国家自然科学基金等项目资助。","中国农业科学院","2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","报道",10,true,89,{"impact":17,"substance":18,"depth":19,"authority":20,"freshness":21,"relevant":22,"comment":23},25,24,18,15,7,1,"油菜育种重大突破，破解长期难题，具产业价值，信息详实，来源权威。",[25],{"name":10,"url":6},[27,28,29,30],"中国农科院","油料所","油菜","基因编辑",{"code":32,"slug":33,"name":34,"path":35,"parent_code":36},"A4","soybean-oilseeds","大豆与油料","\u002Ftopic\u002Ffield-crops\u002Fsoybean-oilseeds","A",[],{"status":39,"locked":40,"version":41,"method":42,"evidence":43},"classified",false,"2026-10-22.2","rules",{"candidates":44,"agricultural_evidence":14},[45,50],{"code":32,"score":46,"supported":14,"title":47,"abstract":48,"tags":49},12,[29],[29],[29],{"code":51,"score":22,"supported":40,"title":52,"abstract":53,"tags":54},"F2",[],[],[30],[56,57],"中国农科院 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17:54·[汉新闻](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.toutiao.com\u002Fc\u002Fuser\u002Ftoken\u002FMS4wLjABAAAA0nh_bxyJhGd1JuuFYa1lM6EEDi1ZmN-IxcAGJX6x3H0\u002F?source=tuwen_detail)\n\n8月4日，中国农业科学院油料作物研究所基因组学与抗病性改良团队与相关单位合作，成功创制出叶片具有超高硫苷含量、种子低硫苷含量的油菜新种质，实现了油菜硫苷含量的定向改良，为化解油菜育种中抗病与优质之间的矛盾提供了新途径。相关研究成果发表在国际权威学术期刊《分子园艺（Molecular Horticulture）》上。\n\n![Image 1](https:\u002F\u002Fp3-sign.toutiaoimg.com\u002Ftos-cn-i-axegupay5k\u002Fe9fc4ffa4c0340bfa7c7c787911d3e57~tplv-tt-origin-web:gif.jpeg?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1786838048&x-signature=9IlGjqKvB7aW8O6YyqDc%2BLrdvno%3D)\n\n硫苷是十字花科植物特有的抗病虫化合物，叶片硫苷含量高可显著提高油菜抗病虫性，但硫苷同时也具有抗营养性，家畜食用高硫苷种子榨油后的饼粕会引发甲状腺肿大等问题。长期以来油菜叶片和种子硫苷含量呈高度正相关，降低种子硫苷含量会同时降低叶片硫苷含量，使油菜抗性减弱；提高叶片硫苷含量以增强品种抗性的同时，又会导致种子硫苷含量升高，饲用饼粕品质降低。创制叶片高硫苷、种子低硫苷的优异种质成为油菜育种亟待攻克的难题。\n\n研究团队历经十余年攻关，构建了油菜泛基因组，绘制了全球首张油菜基因组结构变异全景图谱，系统鉴定出调控硫苷代谢的436个关键基因，首次揭示了硫苷合成与转运的关键基因紧密连锁是导致叶片和种子硫苷含量耦联的根本原因，并首次发现调控硫苷合成的关键基因中存在高表达基因取代其低表达同源基因的现象。基于这一发现，利用基因编辑技术精准敲除硫苷转运基因，创制出叶片硫苷含量高达49.4微摩尔\u002F克的油菜新种质，实现了种子硫苷含量降低70%以上，达到国际双低标准。创制出的新种质是目前已知的叶片硫苷含量最高且种子硫苷含量最低的油菜，有效破解了油菜叶片与种子硫苷含量高度耦合的育种难题，为油菜高抗优质育种提供了新的理论路径和种质资源。\n\n该研究得到了中国农业科学院科技创新工程、国家油菜产业技术体系和国家自然科学基金的资助。\n\n融媒体记者：余军\n\n通讯员：张园园 张惠雯\n\n编辑：贺峤 吕艳丽","中国农业科学院\u002F汉新闻 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中国农科院","抗病优质协同中国农科院油菜新种质基因编辑-305","2026-08-08T23:53:55.488457Z",{"id":105,"title":106,"url":107,"summary":108,"summary_zh":8,"content":109,"source_name":110,"source_url":8,"published_at":71,"category":12,"cover_url":8,"hotness":13,"is_selected":40,"score":111,"score_detail":112,"sources":114,"tags":116,"primary_topic":120,"secondary_topics":121,"classification":122,"search_phrases":136,"slug":139,"view_count":90,"doi":8,"paper":8,"created_at":140},254,"破解油菜抗病与优质协同改良难题——中国农科院油料所创新性创制叶高硫苷籽低硫苷油菜新种质","https:\u002F\u002Fnews.sciencenet.cn\u002Fsbhtmlnews\u002F2026\u002F8\u002F390763.shtm","中国农业科学院油料作物研究所油料作物基因组学与抗病性改良团队最新研究成功创制出叶片高硫苷、种子低硫苷的油菜新种质,化解了作物单一代谢物介导的抗性与优质长期对立的核心矛盾,相关研究成果于8月5日发布。该研究突破传统单一组织中硫苷含量调控的局限,通过精细调控硫苷生物合成的组织特异性分布,既保障叶片中足够的硫苷含量抵御病虫害侵袭,又实现种子中低硫苷以保障菜籽油品质,首次实现作物抗病性与优质性状的协同改良,为油菜绿色高效生产提供重要种质资源支撑,推动我国油菜产业从产量导向向品质+抗性双优转型升级,助力保障国家食用油供给安全。","本报讯（记者刁雯蕙）近日，由中国农业科学院作物科学研究所、华大万物等多家单位组成的国际合作团队，在《分子植物》上发表观点文章，提出了植物“育种工厂”的构想，给未来农业发展提供了新思路。\n\n传统育种以自然变异和杂交重组为主，存在周期长、效率低等特点，培育一个优良品种至少需要5至10年的时间，且难以精准筛选隐性优良基因。加之天气变化导致的病害虫等不可控因素，难以满足现代高效、优质的育种需求。\n\n该文章提出了“育种工厂”的构想。“育种工厂”配备现代育种技术和环境组学技术，可在目标田间评估工作之前执行大部分的育种流程。这样的平台具备三大核心能力，一是分子育种平台集成标记辅助选择、基因组选择等技术，播种前筛选出优良品质的种子；二是加速生育体系，在人工环境下让作物“快进”生长；三是精准设计育种，根据目标产区的气候规律，在工厂内模拟筛选，预判育种在真实田间的表现。\n\n文章把“育种工厂”分为5个发展阶段：第一阶段，实现作物提前开花；第二阶段，实现从播种到成熟全周期缩短；第三阶段，引入环境组学技术，在工厂内设置不同温度、光照、水分等条件，找出环境适应基因再进行田间验证；第四阶段，引入大数据和人工智能技术，整合基因型、表型、环境数据建模，实现真正的设计育种；第五阶段，理论构想阶段，在工厂内完成作物从头到尾的合成式培育，田间的概念或将被颠覆。\n\n那么，如何推动“育种工厂”运转？研究团队提出了一套技术“组合拳”。首先进行种子无损检测，在种子播种前进行基因型鉴定，筛选出种子“优等生”；随后采用双单倍体技术，获取纯系育种；结合编辑基因、植株再生、基因型确认、表型采集、材料循环等基因编辑技术，以及调控染色体重组技术，使大田作物的年繁育世代从传统的2代提升到4至6代，大幅缩短品种选育周期。\n\n文章明确了三类适合搬进“育种工厂”的作物场景，分别是叶菜、短周期蔬菜等室内栽培作物，水稻、小麦、玉米、大豆等大田粮食作物，以及苹果树等多年生的木本植物。在成本方面，文章初步测算，一座标准“育种工厂”年运营成本约50万到85万美元，实现单世代育种约为12.5万到21.5万美元。","新华社 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