Agricultural digitalization and food system resilience in Zhejiang Province: coupling coordination and obstacle-factor analysis based on provincial time-series data

Objective This study examines the coupling coordination between agricultural digitalization and food system resilience in Zhejiang Province and identifies the main factors restricting their coordinated development. Methods Based on provincial time-series data from 2016 to 2024, this study constructs two evaluation systems: agricultural digitalization and food system resilience. The entropy weight method, coupling coordination model, relative development analysis, and obstacle-factor model are used for empirical analysis. A full-indicator sensitivity analysis for 2016–2021 is also conducted. Results The results show that both agricultural digitalization and food system resilience improved during the study period. The coupling coordination degree increased from imbalance to high-quality coordination. However, agricultural digitalization was more often the lagging subsystem. The main obstacle factors include communication capacity, optical cable infrastructure, express delivery capacity, effective irrigation area, agricultural economic support, and rural consumption capacity. Conclusion Agricultural digitalization is closely associated with food system resilience, but the coupling coordination results should be interpreted as descriptive evidence rather than causal proof. Zhejiang Province should further promote the deep integration of digital technologies with agricultural production, food circulation, infrastructure improvement, and risk governance.