[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"item-2842":3,"related-2842":69},{"id":4,"title":5,"url":6,"summary":7,"summary_zh":8,"content":8,"source_name":9,"source_url":8,"published_at":10,"category":11,"cover_url":8,"hotness":12,"is_selected":13,"score":14,"score_detail":15,"sources":21,"tags":23,"primary_topic":29,"secondary_topics":35,"classification":42,"search_phrases":63,"slug":66,"view_count":67,"doi":8,"paper":8,"created_at":68},2842,"中国农科院烟草所双金属人工水解酶开辟细菌性病害绿色防控新路径登Angewandte Chemie","https:\u002F\u002Fnews.qq.com\u002Frain\u002Fa\u002F20260917A03VJ100","近日,中国农业科学院烟草研究所烟草病虫害绿色防控创新团队成功研发一种新型双金属人工水解酶,可高效降解细菌生物膜并杀灭病原菌。团队将高活性铈引入金属有机框架,构建双金属人工水解酶,阐明其区别于天然酶的独特催化路径。该酶具有良好的生物安全性与环境稳定性,可精准切断细菌生物膜多糖骨架的化学键,瓦解细菌防护膜,清除率超80%,杀菌率超85%。该成果首次将人工水解酶应用于细菌生物膜靶向清除,为农作物绿色防控开辟新路径。",null,"腾讯新闻 \u002F 中国农业科学院烟草研究所","2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","报道",10,false,86,{"impact":16,"substance":16,"depth":17,"authority":18,"freshness":12,"relevant":19,"comment":20},22,18,14,1,"国家级科研机构在核心期刊发表的双金属人工水解酶成果，首次实现细菌生物膜靶向清除，数据扎实、时效性强，具备进入每日精选的价值。",[22],{"name":9,"url":6},[24,25,26,27,28],"绿色防控","农业科技","人工酶","烟草","生物膜",{"code":30,"slug":31,"name":32,"path":33,"parent_code":34},"A6","cash-crops","棉麻糖与特色经作","\u002Ftopic\u002Ffield-crops\u002Fcash-crops","A",[36],{"code":37,"slug":38,"name":39,"path":40,"parent_code":41},"F4","crop-protection","农药与绿色防控","\u002Ftopic\u002Finputs-equipment\u002Fcrop-protection","F",{"status":43,"locked":13,"version":44,"method":45,"evidence":46},"classified","2026-10-22.2","rules",{"candidates":47,"agricultural_evidence":50},[48,54,58],{"code":30,"score":49,"supported":50,"title":51,"abstract":52,"tags":53},12,true,[27],[27],[27],{"code":37,"score":49,"supported":50,"title":55,"abstract":56,"tags":57},[24],[24],[24],{"code":59,"score":19,"supported":13,"title":60,"abstract":61,"tags":62},"H8",[],[],[24],[64,65],"农业科技 绿色防控 人工酶 生物膜","农业科技 绿色防控","农业科技绿色防控人工酶生物膜-2842",3,"2026-09-18T00:03:28.675103Z",{"total":70,"page":19,"page_size":70,"items":71},6,[72,116,251,301,355,400],{"id":73,"title":74,"url":75,"summary":76,"summary_zh":8,"content":77,"source_name":78,"source_url":8,"published_at":79,"category":11,"cover_url":8,"hotness":12,"is_selected":13,"score":80,"score_detail":81,"sources":86,"tags":88,"primary_topic":91,"secondary_topics":92,"classification":94,"search_phrases":110,"slug":113,"view_count":114,"doi":8,"paper":8,"created_at":115},1556,"中国农业科学院烟草所：双金属人工酶开辟细菌性病害绿色防控新路径（Angewandte Chemie）","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Fxwzx\u002Fkyhd\u002F59452b198605475b991f2f29d9ea6f61.htm","近日，中国农业科学院烟草研究所烟草病虫害绿色防控创新团队成功研发一种新型双金属人工水解酶，可高效降解细菌生物膜并杀灭病原菌。该酶将高活性铈引入金属有机框架，具有良好的生物安全性与环境稳定性，清除率超 80%、杀菌率超 85%。该成果突破传统杀菌剂依赖，首次将人工水解酶应用于细菌生物膜靶向清除，打破了细菌性病害缺乏特效药的产业困境，为农作物绿色防控开辟新路径。相关成果发表在《德国应用化学》（Angewandte Chemie International Edition）上。","[English](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Fen)[邮箱](https:\u002F\u002Fmail.caas.cn\u002F)[数字农科院](https:\u002F\u002Fi.caas.cn\u002F)[](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Fcms\u002Fweb\u002Fsearch\u002Findex.jsp?siteID=cdb01dceb46e48488945d4465e90f221&aba=)\n\n官方微信 \n\n![Image 2](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Fimages\u002F2023-01\u002F020ac4d3d8b6451782a8702c72604336.jpg)农科专家在线微信公众号\n\n![Image 3](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Fimages\u002F2023-01\u002Fbf6579e4651e437db31a22cd2249b319.jpg)中国农科院微信公众号\n\n[![Image 4](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Fstatic2022\u002Fimages\u002Fmenu_logo.png)](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Findex.htm)\n\n*   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\n\n[返回首页](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Findex.htm)[English](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Fen\u002F)\n\n[首页](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Findex.htm)-[新闻中心](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Fxwzx\u002Findex.htm)-[科研活动](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Fxwzx\u002Fkyhd\u002Findex.htm)\n\n分享到\n\n### 人工酶开辟细菌性病害绿色防控新路径\n\n发布时间：2026-09-01 _|_ 来源： 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 _|_ 作者：慕文静\n\n字体[小](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Fxwzx\u002Fkyhd\u002F59452b198605475b991f2f29d9ea6f61.htm)[中](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Fxwzx\u002Fkyhd\u002F59452b198605475b991f2f29d9ea6f61.htm)[大](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Fxwzx\u002Fkyhd\u002F59452b198605475b991f2f29d9ea6f61.htm)\n\n近日，中国农业科学院[烟草研究所](http:\u002F\u002Ftric.caas.cn\u002F)烟草病虫害绿色防控创新团队成功研发一种新型双金属人工水解酶，可高效降解细菌生物膜并杀灭病原菌，为细菌性病害绿色防控药剂的创制提供全新设计策略。相关成果发表在《德国应用化学（Angewandte Chemie International Edition）》上。\n\n细菌生物膜是病原菌通过群体感应分泌形成的“保护壳”，其主要骨架由糖类物质交织而成，可显著削弱药剂渗透与免疫清除，导致田间防治效果大幅降低，是病害反复暴发的核心诱因。\n\n针对制约农业细菌性病害防治的技术瓶颈，研究团队将高活性铈引入金属有机框架，构建双金属人工水解酶，并阐明其区别于天然酶的独特催化路径。该酶具有良好的生物安全性与环境稳定性，可精准切断细菌生物膜多糖骨架的化学键，瓦解细菌防护膜，清除率超80%，杀菌率超85%。该成果突破传统杀菌剂依赖，首次将人工水解酶应用于细菌生物膜靶向清除，打破了细菌性病害缺乏特效药的产业困境，为农作物绿色防控开辟新路径。\n\n该研究得到国家自然科学基金和山东省自然科学基金等项目支持。（通讯员 李晓娟）\n\n论文链接：https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.1002\u002Fanie.9481237\n\n![Image 8: 001.png](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Fimages\u002F2026-09\u002Fe45c5f97ad2e4c81847a32cfe5fd39bc.png)\n\n打印本页\n\n关闭本页\n\n[院网信息发布与管理](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Fywxxfbygl\u002Findex.htm)[最新动态](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Fywxxfbygl\u002Findex.htm)\n\n*   [第7期“农科讲坛”举办 以农业农村现代化推动实现中国式现代化](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Fxwzx\u002Fnkyw\u002F1c78565c9c5648c5b6f3e70d035deb07.htm)2026-08-31  \n*   [西梅浆加工色泽劣变规律被揭示](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.caas.cn\u002Fxwzx\u002Fkyhd\u002F958676b943cb4e229d3f617ba4f35e75.htm)2026-08-31  \n*   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京公网安备11010802048565号](http:\u002F\u002Fwww.beian.gov.cn\u002Fportal\u002FregisterSystemInfo?recordcode=11010802048565)","中国农业科学院·科研进展","2026-09-03T00:00:00Z",83,{"impact":82,"substance":16,"depth":17,"authority":83,"freshness":84,"relevant":19,"comment":85},20,15,8,"中国农科院烟草所开发双金属人工酶，为细菌性病害绿色防控提供新路径，发表于Angewandte Chemie，具有较高科研价值和行业影响。",[87],{"name":78,"url":75},[24,26,89,27,90],"细菌病害","生物防治",{"code":30,"slug":31,"name":32,"path":33,"parent_code":34},[93],{"code":37,"slug":38,"name":39,"path":40,"parent_code":41},{"status":43,"locked":13,"version":44,"method":45,"evidence":95},{"candidates":96,"agricultural_evidence":50},[97,102,106],{"code":37,"score":98,"supported":50,"title":99,"abstract":100,"tags":101},13,[24],[24],[90,24],{"code":30,"score":49,"supported":50,"title":103,"abstract":104,"tags":105},[27],[27],[27],{"code":59,"score":19,"supported":13,"title":107,"abstract":108,"tags":109},[],[],[24],[111,112],"生物防治 细菌病害 绿色防控 人工酶","生物防治 细菌病害","生物防治细菌病害绿色防控人工酶-1556",4,"2026-09-04T00:05:31.812843Z",{"id":117,"title":118,"url":119,"summary":120,"summary_zh":121,"content":8,"source_name":122,"source_url":119,"published_at":123,"category":124,"cover_url":8,"hotness":12,"is_selected":13,"score":125,"score_detail":126,"sources":129,"tags":131,"primary_topic":137,"secondary_topics":138,"classification":146,"search_phrases":203,"slug":206,"view_count":67,"doi":207,"paper":208,"created_at":250},1325,"Changing pest dynamics and pesticide use in cotton: Challenges and sustainable management","https:\u002F\u002Fdoi.org\u002F10.14719\u002Fpst.16195","Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is one of the world’s most important fibre crops, yet its sustainability is increasingly challenged by evolving pest complexes, intensified pesticide use, climate change and climate variability. The evidence indicates current knowledge on pest dynamics, pesticide dependence and ecological interactions in cotton agroecosystems, highlighting the shift from bollworm-dominated pest complexes to the increasing prevalence of secondary pests following the widespread adoption of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton. Although Bt (Cry toxin)-based transgenic cotton technology initially reduced insecticide use against the bollworm complex, primarily lepidopteran species, the emergence of resistance among bollworms and the upsurge of certain sucking pests in recent decades have reinstated insecticide dependence for pest management. This has led to ecological imbalance, non-target toxicity, the decline of pollinator populations and natural enemy communities, biodiversity loss, environmental contamination, accumulation of residues in products and yield challenges, in addition to increased production costs. The review emphasises the critical role of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies that integrate biological control, habitat diversification, resistant cultivars and threshold-based pesticide applications to restore ecological stability. Alternative approaches such as botanical pesticides, nanoformulations and plant volatile-mediated pest regulation are highlighted as promising tools for sustainable pest control. Advances in precision agriculture, including artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based pesticide delivery systems, have the potential to improve pest surveillance and reduce chemical inputs. Supply-chain procurement, certification, traceability and consumer demand can encourage lower-pesticide production, although these mechanisms require fair price incentives to avoid transferring compliance costs to smallholders. Sustainable cotton therefore requires region-specific, climate-resilient, evidence-based IPM supported by extension, market incentives, resistance monitoring and coordinated policy.","棉花（Gossypium spp.）是全球最重要的纤维作物之一，然而其可持续性正日益受到害虫群落演变、农药使用强度增加、气候变化及气候变率等因素的挑战。现有证据表明，当前对棉花农业生态系统中害虫动态、农药依赖及生态互作的认识，凸显了自苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt）棉花广泛推广以来，害虫群落从以棉铃虫为主向次生害虫日益增多的转变。尽管基于Bt（Cry毒素）的转基因棉花技术最初减少了对棉铃虫复合体（主要为鳞翅目害虫）的杀虫剂使用，但近几十年来棉铃虫抗药性的出现及某些刺吸式害虫的激增，重新导致害虫管理对杀虫剂的依赖。这引发了生态失衡、非靶标毒性、传粉昆虫种群及天敌群落减少、生物多样性丧失、环境污染、产品中残留物积累及产量挑战，同时增加了生产成本。本综述强调了综合害虫管理（IPM）策略的关键作用，该策略整合生物防治、生境多样化、抗性品种及基于阈值的农药施用，以恢复生态稳定性。植物源农药、纳米制剂及植物挥发物介导的害虫调控等替代方法，被强调为可持续害虫防治的有前景工具。精准农业的进展，包括人工智能（AI）、机器学习及基于无人机（UAV）的农药施用系统，有望改善害虫监测并减少化学投入。供应链采购、认证、可追溯性及消费者需求可促进低农药生产，但这些机制需辅以公平价格激励，以避免将合规成本转嫁给小农户。因此，可持续棉花生产需要区域特异性、气候韧性、基于证据的IPM，并辅以推广服务、市场激励、抗性监测及协调政策支持。","Plant Science Today","2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","论文",72,{"impact":17,"substance":16,"depth":17,"authority":49,"freshness":127,"relevant":19,"comment":128},2,"综述性论文，系统分析棉花害虫动态与农药依赖问题，提出IPM与精准农业等可持续路径，对农业绿色发展有参考价值。",[130],{"name":122,"url":119},[132,133,134,135,136],"智慧农业","农业人工智能","棉花","农药减量","病虫害防治",{"code":30,"slug":31,"name":32,"path":33,"parent_code":34},[139,140],{"code":37,"slug":38,"name":39,"path":40,"parent_code":41},{"code":141,"slug":142,"name":143,"path":144,"parent_code":145},"I2","agricultural-ai","农业AI与大模型","\u002Ftopic\u002Fdigital-agriculture\u002Fagricultural-ai","I",{"status":43,"locked":13,"version":44,"method":45,"evidence":147},{"candidates":148,"agricultural_evidence":50},[149,155,160,167,176,184,191,197],{"code":37,"score":17,"supported":50,"title":150,"abstract":152,"tags":154},[151],"pesticide",[153,90,151],"农药",[135],{"code":30,"score":83,"supported":50,"title":156,"abstract":158,"tags":159},[157],"cotton",[134,157],[134],{"code":141,"score":12,"supported":50,"title":161,"abstract":162,"tags":166},[],[163,164,165],"机器学习","machine learning","artificial intelligence",[133],{"code":168,"score":169,"supported":50,"title":170,"abstract":171,"tags":175},"H6",9,[],[172,173,174],"生物多样性","农业生态","biodiversity",[],{"code":177,"score":178,"supported":50,"title":179,"abstract":180,"tags":183},"I1",7,[],[181,182],"精准农业","precision agriculture",[132],{"code":185,"score":70,"supported":50,"title":186,"abstract":187,"tags":190},"H7",[],[188,189],"气候变化","climate change",[],{"code":192,"score":67,"supported":50,"title":193,"abstract":194,"tags":196},"A4",[],[195],"花生",[],{"code":198,"score":67,"supported":50,"title":199,"abstract":200,"tags":202},"G2",[],[201],"小农户",[],[204,205],"农业人工智能 病虫害防治 农药减量 智慧农业","农业人工智能 病虫害防治","农业人工智能病虫害防治农药减量智慧农业-1325","10.14719\u002Fpst.16195",{"doi":207,"openalex_id":209,"authors":210,"venue":122,"cited_by_count":241,"oa_url":119,"card":242,"direction":248,"ingested_from":249},"W7204806269",[211,214,217,220,223,226,229,232,235,238],{"name":212,"orcid":213},"V Veeragowtham","https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0009-0002-9822-4901",{"name":215,"orcid":216},"A. Suganthi","https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-7013-4459",{"name":218,"orcid":219},"M. Murugan","https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-7485-1153",{"name":221,"orcid":222},"P. Renukadevi","https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-9665-1681",{"name":224,"orcid":225},"S. Vellaikumar","https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0001-9277-457X",{"name":227,"orcid":228},"Ali Iqra","https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0009-0008-6095-9471",{"name":230,"orcid":231},"J Kousika","https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-2455-5268",{"name":233,"orcid":234},"Sheela Venugopal","https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0002-4689-4105",{"name":236,"orcid":237},"Prakash Kolanchi","https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0000-0003-1244-199X",{"name":239,"orcid":240},"Murugesh Dharani","https:\u002F\u002Forcid.org\u002F0009-0004-6705-1344",0,{"tldr":243,"method":244,"finding":245,"direction":246,"opportunity":247},"综述棉花害虫动态与农药使用变化，提出可持续管理策略。","综述文献，分析Bt棉影响、害虫抗性及IPM、精准农业等技术。","Bt棉导致次生害虫上升和抗性，需综合IPM与精准农业减少农药。","农业绿色发展与碳","可研究AI与无人机在棉花害虫监测与精准施药中的实际应用效果及小农采纳机制。","农业人工智能与决策模型","openalex","2026-09-01T23:30:34.470501Z",{"id":252,"title":253,"url":254,"summary":255,"summary_zh":8,"content":256,"source_name":257,"source_url":8,"published_at":258,"category":11,"cover_url":8,"hotness":12,"is_selected":50,"score":259,"score_detail":260,"sources":264,"tags":266,"primary_topic":273,"secondary_topics":274,"classification":276,"search_phrases":295,"slug":298,"view_count":299,"doi":8,"paper":8,"created_at":300},857,"中国农科院植保所联合西部中心等发布棉花黄萎病新型病圃:全球最大48亩16隔离区,首次明确8种致病型其中4种侵染棉花","https:\u002F\u002Fcaas.cn\u002Fxwzx\u002Fmtxw\u002Fa4f6ba290a7b453aa6bedba59a290a67.htm","中国农科院植物保护研究所联合西部农业研究中心、辽宁省农科院经济作物研究所、石河子大学、新疆农科院植保所等多家单位,在新疆昌吉向科研院所高校、新疆自治区和新疆兵团农技推广系统及棉花育种企业等展示精准靶向黄萎病菌致病型新型病圃构建及棉花品种抗性鉴定与应用解决新方案。科研团队完成全国11000余株黄萎病菌系统收集鉴定,结合3624株大规模群体基因组学测序与遗传进化研究,首次明确黄萎病菌分化为8种致病型、侵染棉花的主要有4种;病圃2023年开始建设、总面积48亩、分16个隔离区,经三年连续播菌建成精准靶向各种致病型的新型病圃,是全球迄今面积最大、覆盖致病型最全的人工黄萎病病圃,已被纳入农业农村部主推技术。","近日，中国农业科学院植物保护研究所联合中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心在新疆昌吉向科研院所高校、新疆自治区和新疆兵团农技推广系统及棉花育种企业等单位展示了精准靶向黄萎病菌致病型新型病圃构建及棉花品种抗性鉴定与应用解决新方案。\n\n科研团队通过全国农作物黄萎病菌菌种（11000余株）系统收集与鉴定，结合大规模群体基因组学测序（3624株）与遗传进化研究，首次明确了黄萎病菌分化为8种致病型，其中侵染棉花的主要有4种。\n\n根据黄萎病菌致病型组成特征，科研团队提出了精准靶向黄萎病菌致病型病圃构建思路，并与中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心、辽宁农业科学院经济作物研究所、石河子大学、新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院植物保护研究所等国内多家科研院所和高校在老龙河试验站联合共建新型棉花黄萎病人工病圃。病圃于2023年开始建设，总面积达到48亩，分为16个隔离区，选取各致病型代表性菌株进行规模化扩繁并分别播入隔离区，历经三年连续播菌最终建成精准靶向黄萎病菌各种致病型的新型病圃。\n\n据科研团队介绍，该病圃是全世界迄今为止面积最大、覆盖致病型最全的人工黄萎病病圃，利用该病圃可以获得棉花对各种黄萎病菌致病型的抗性谱，具有广阔的应用前景。应用于抗性品种布局，可以根据各地田间黄萎病菌致病型检测结果，选择种植相应抗性的品种，解决品种田间抗性不稳的产业难题；解析棉花对不同致病型的抗性机制并挖掘抗病基因，应用于棉花抗黄萎病遗传改良；对抗不同致病型的棉花品种进行杂交选育，聚合选育抗多种致病型的品种；利用病圃黄萎病发病稳定的特征，应用于防控产品防效验证和评价；不同品种在病圃对不同致病型的病症差异显著，可用于棉花黄萎病无人机高光谱等早期监测预警技术研发与应用。同时，也将为其他作物黄萎病抗性特征鉴定、优异基因挖掘与遗传改良及早期监测预警提供平台支撑。\n\n据悉，该技术已被纳入农业农村部主推技术并依托项目“新疆棉花病虫害演替规律与全程绿色防控技术体系集成示范”在新疆棉区推广，为有效控制棉花黄萎病提供了有力技术支撑。","中国农业科学院 科技日报 2026年8月","2026-08-19T00:00:00Z",95,{"impact":261,"substance":262,"depth":82,"authority":83,"freshness":178,"relevant":19,"comment":263},28,25,"全球最大棉花黄萎病病圃建成，首次明确致病型，对棉花抗病育种和植保防控具有重大突破意义，信息详实，权威性高。",[265],{"name":257,"url":254},[267,268,269,270,271,272],"棉花黄萎病","新疆昌吉","中国农科院植保所","新型病圃","致病型鉴定","农业农村部主推技术",{"code":30,"slug":31,"name":32,"path":33,"parent_code":34},[275],{"code":37,"slug":38,"name":39,"path":40,"parent_code":41},{"status":43,"locked":13,"version":44,"method":45,"evidence":277},{"candidates":278,"agricultural_evidence":50},[279,283,289],{"code":30,"score":49,"supported":50,"title":280,"abstract":281,"tags":282},[134],[134],[267],{"code":37,"score":284,"supported":50,"title":285,"abstract":287,"tags":288},11,[286],"植保",[286],[],{"code":290,"score":67,"supported":50,"title":291,"abstract":292,"tags":294},"G1",[],[293],"农技推广",[],[296,297],"农业农村部主推技术 中国农科院植保所 棉花黄萎病 致病型鉴定","农业农村部主推技术 中国农科院植保所","农业农村部主推技术中国农科院植保所棉花黄萎病致病型鉴定-857",5,"2026-08-23T00:08:11.913294Z",{"id":302,"title":303,"url":304,"summary":305,"summary_zh":8,"content":306,"source_name":307,"source_url":8,"published_at":308,"category":11,"cover_url":8,"hotness":12,"is_selected":50,"score":309,"score_detail":310,"sources":313,"tags":315,"primary_topic":320,"secondary_topics":321,"classification":329,"search_phrases":350,"slug":353,"view_count":169,"doi":8,"paper":8,"created_at":354},411,"科研新发现:地膜微塑料破坏棉田根际微生态 加剧棉花黄萎病发生——河北省农科院植保所成果发表于Environmental Microbiome","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.farmer.com.cn\u002F2026\u002F08\u002F10\u002Fwap_991025691.html","河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所国家棉花产业技术体系棉花病害防控岗位科研团队揭示地膜微塑料加重棉花黄萎病发生的作用机制,成果发表于Environmental Microbiome。研究发现,地膜微塑料抑制棉花生长,高浓度处理下棉花出苗率和植株生物量均下降;0.5%-2.5%浓度LDPE微塑料使棉花黄萎病病情指数提高54.29%-71.67%,但土壤中黄萎病菌数量并未显著增加,说明病害加重并非病原菌增多,而是微塑料破坏土壤微生态平衡。研究揭示'地膜微塑料—土壤养分紊乱—根际微生物失衡—棉花黄萎病加重'的完整链条,建议在新疆、黄河流域等主产棉区将残膜减量回收、微塑料污染治理和根际微生态修复纳入综合防控体系。","长期以来，地膜覆盖为棉花稳产增产发挥了重要作用，但残膜不断破碎形成的微塑料会不会影响棉花健康，一直缺乏明确答案。近日，河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所国家棉花产业技术体系棉花病害防控岗位科研团队揭示了地膜微塑料加重棉花黄萎病发生的作用机制，为棉田残膜治理、土壤微生态修复和黄萎病综合防控提供了新的科学依据。相关成果发表于《Environmental Microbiome》。\n\n棉花黄萎病是危害棉花生产的重要土传病害。研究团队针对长期地膜覆盖条件下微塑料对棉田生态的影响开展系统研究，通过设置不同浓度低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）微塑料处理，分析棉花生长、土壤养分以及根际微生物变化情况。\n\n研究发现，地膜微塑料会抑制棉花生长，高浓度处理下，棉花出苗率和植株生物量均有所下降。更重要的是，研究首次证实，微塑料虽然没有显著增加土壤中黄萎病菌数量，但0.5%~2.5%浓度LDPE微塑料却会使棉花黄萎病病情指数提高54.29%~71.67%，说明病害加重并非病原菌增多，而是微塑料破坏了土壤微生态平衡。\n\n进一步研究表明，微塑料会改变土壤养分水平，干扰氮、硫等元素循环，并重塑棉花根际微生物群落结构。其中，真菌群落结构与功能紊乱是导致黄萎病加重的重要原因，细菌群落变化则主要与土壤养分失衡相关。研究揭示了“地膜微塑料—土壤养分紊乱—根际微生物失衡—棉花黄萎病加重”的完整链条，也解释了生产上长期存在的“土壤病菌基数不高，但病害逐年加重”现象。\n\n研究团队建议，在新疆、黄河流域等主产棉区，应将残膜减量回收、微塑料污染治理和根际微生态修复纳入棉花病害综合防控体系，通过改善土壤生态环境，从源头降低土传病害发生风险，促进棉花产业绿色高质量发展。","农民日报 2026-08-10","2026-08-10T09:00:00Z",88,{"impact":262,"substance":311,"depth":17,"authority":98,"freshness":84,"relevant":19,"comment":312},24,"科研新发现，揭示地膜微塑料加重棉花黄萎病机制，对棉田治理有重要指导意义，信息增量大，权威性高。",[314],{"name":307,"url":304},[316,317,318,267,319],"植保所","河北省农科院","地膜微塑料","土壤微生态",{"code":30,"slug":31,"name":32,"path":33,"parent_code":34},[322,328],{"code":323,"slug":324,"name":325,"path":326,"parent_code":327},"H2","soil","土壤健康与改良","\u002Ftopic\u002Fenvironment\u002Fsoil","H",{"code":37,"slug":38,"name":39,"path":40,"parent_code":41},{"status":43,"locked":13,"version":44,"method":45,"evidence":330},{"candidates":331,"agricultural_evidence":50},[332,338,342,346],{"code":323,"score":18,"supported":50,"title":333,"abstract":335,"tags":337},[334],"根际",[336,334],"土壤",[],{"code":30,"score":49,"supported":50,"title":339,"abstract":340,"tags":341},[134],[134],[267],{"code":37,"score":84,"supported":50,"title":343,"abstract":344,"tags":345},[286],[],[],{"code":192,"score":67,"supported":50,"title":347,"abstract":348,"tags":349},[],[195],[],[351,352],"河北省农科院 土壤微生态 地膜微塑料 棉花黄萎病","河北省农科院 土壤微生态","河北省农科院土壤微生态地膜微塑料棉花黄萎病-411","2026-08-11T23:57:01.901771Z",{"id":356,"title":357,"url":358,"summary":359,"summary_zh":8,"content":360,"source_name":361,"source_url":8,"published_at":362,"category":11,"cover_url":8,"hotness":12,"is_selected":13,"score":14,"score_detail":363,"sources":366,"tags":368,"primary_topic":372,"secondary_topics":373,"classification":374,"search_phrases":395,"slug":398,"view_count":127,"doi":8,"paper":8,"created_at":399},4937,"中国农科院西部中心RNA干扰技术攻克根结线虫绿色防控难题","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ts.cn\u002Fxwzx\u002Fshxw\u002F202610\u002Ft20261013_36760957.shtml","中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心西部作物生物安全防控创新团队联合国内多家科研单位,从基因层面筛选出根结线虫的关键靶标基因MEKK-3,采用星形聚阳离子纳米材料为有效成分打造'保护外壳',使其埋入土壤后不易被分解。根结线虫对药剂有效成分摄取量提升42.3%,基因沉默效果提高1.9倍,幼虫死亡率提升24.2%。温室试验中,纳米载体与药剂搭配使用对根结线虫的防治效果提升至78.4%。","天山网-新疆日报记者 盖有军\n\n近日，中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心西部作物生物安全防控创新团队联合国内多家科研单位，成功攻克根结线虫绿色防控关键难题，研发出基于RNA干扰的新型防控技术，为绿色生物农药落地推广打下坚实基础，也为新疆粮食等作物病虫害治理带来全新的技术方案。\n\n![Image 1](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ts.cn\u002Fxwzx\u002Fshxw\u002F202610\u002FW020261013608741307041.jpeg)\n\n中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心西部作物生物安全防控创新团队科研人员在田间查看根结线虫防控效果。李伦 摄\n\n该中心副主任彭焕介绍，根结线虫是潜藏于土壤中、破坏力极强的“隐形害虫”，可侵染3000余种植物，包括粮食、蔬菜等各类农作物。作物根系被根结线虫侵染取食后，会形成大小不一的根瘤根结，严重削弱作物根系吸收水肥的能力，造成植株生长衰弱、产量锐减。这一虫害也是影响新疆农作物稳产提质的重要原因。\n\n以往防治根结线虫，主要依靠化学类药剂。而长期施用化学药剂，不仅会让根结线虫逐渐产生抗药性，造成药效减退，还会给土壤带来负担。因此农业生产迫切需要高效环保的替代防控技术。RNA干扰技术是极具潜力的绿色防控手段，它能够精准“关闭”该害虫的关键基因，只针对靶标害虫起效，不会伤害其他生物。但该技术的活性物质在土壤中极易被分解，致使这项技术长期停留在实验室阶段，难以应用到大田生产中。\n\n此次科研团队突破技术应用瓶颈，从基因层面筛选出根结线虫的关键靶标基因MEKK-3，该基因只作用于根结线虫，对其他生物安全无害。团队搭建起该活性物质的规模化生产工艺，还采用星形聚阳离子纳米材料为有效成分打造一层“保护外壳”。相当于给药剂穿上防护外衣，使其埋入土壤后不易被分解。经过改良，根结线虫对药剂有效成分摄取量提升42.3%，基因沉默效果提高1.9倍，幼虫死亡率提升24.2%。\n\n温室试验结果显示：单纯施用活性药剂45天后，作物根部根结数量可减少56.6%；将纳米载体与药剂搭配使用，对根结线虫的防治效果提升至78.4%。科研人员探明其中机理：该关键基因被抑制后，根结线虫抵御外界胁迫、维持生存的生理通路遭到破坏，最终无法正常发育，导致死亡。\n\n彭焕介绍，这套新技术打通了从害虫靶点筛选、机理解析、规模化生产到温室试验验证的完整技术链条，证实MEKK-3基因可用于防控多种根结线虫，为研发安全广谱的新型RNA生物农药铺平了道路。他表示，未来该技术落地应用后，能够减少化学农药使用，守护耕地土壤健康，助力新疆农业绿色高质量发展，也为国内土传病虫害的绿色治理提供重要技术储备。","天山网 中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心 2026 年 10 月 13 日","2026-10-13T00:00:00Z",{"impact":311,"substance":364,"depth":17,"authority":98,"freshness":84,"relevant":19,"comment":365},23,"国家级科研机构攻克根结线虫RNA干扰绿色防控关键技术，数据详实、链条完整，具备较强产业转化价值。",[367],{"name":361,"url":358},[369,370,24,371,25],"RNA干扰","根结线虫","生物农药",{"code":37,"slug":38,"name":39,"path":40,"parent_code":41},[],{"status":43,"locked":13,"version":44,"method":45,"evidence":375},{"candidates":376,"agricultural_evidence":50},[377,381,387,391],{"code":37,"score":284,"supported":50,"title":378,"abstract":379,"tags":380},[24],[],[369,371,24],{"code":382,"score":67,"supported":50,"title":383,"abstract":384,"tags":386},"B7",[],[385],"温室",[],{"code":323,"score":67,"supported":50,"title":388,"abstract":389,"tags":390},[],[336],[],{"code":59,"score":19,"supported":13,"title":392,"abstract":393,"tags":394},[],[],[24],[396,397],"中国农科院西部中心 根结线虫 RNA干扰","MEKK-3 根结线虫 绿色防控","中国农科院西部中心根结线虫RNA干扰-4937","2026-10-15T00:06:01.868614Z",{"id":401,"title":402,"url":403,"summary":404,"summary_zh":8,"content":405,"source_name":406,"source_url":8,"published_at":362,"category":11,"cover_url":8,"hotness":12,"is_selected":13,"score":407,"score_detail":408,"sources":411,"tags":413,"primary_topic":416,"secondary_topics":422,"classification":424,"search_phrases":450,"slug":453,"view_count":241,"doi":8,"paper":8,"created_at":454},5281,"省农科院植保所江油武都\"三水\"绿色融合样板田连续10余年综合治理 稻鱼鸭共生","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.toutiao.com\u002Farticle\u002F7696132538393215528","10月12日江油市武都镇阳亭坝金黄稻田迎来丰收,四川省农科院植保所研究员姬红丽蹲在田埂查叶背(无病斑),亩产干谷不低于1300斤;自2013年起省农科院植保所在此实施\"农田有害生物综合治理课题\"持续10余年,通过田埂种植甜荞、蔷薇、紫云英、二月兰、香根草等蜜源植物为天敌提供庇护所,基地稻田麦田天敌种群数量达农户常规田块的10倍以上。","视频加载中...\n\n川观新闻记者 张彧希 四川农村日报记者 徐灿红 洪瑜\n\n10月12日，江油市武都镇阳亭坝，秋风掠过，稻田翻起金色波浪。\n\n四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所研究员姬红丽蹲在田埂上，拔起一株水稻查看叶背——干干净净，没有病斑。“亩产干谷不会低于1300斤。”再过一两天，这里就要开镰。\n\n这片稻田不普通。自2013年起，省农科院植保所在此实施“农田有害生物综合治理课题”，持续10余年。曾经抛荒的土地，如今稻穗丰盈、游鱼戏水、白鹭翩跹，成为国内率先实现水稻、水产、水禽“三水”绿色融合的样板田。\n\n曾经令人头痛的有害生物，是如何被“赶出”这片田的？\n\n![Image 1](https:\u002F\u002Fp3-sign.toutiaoimg.com\u002Ftos-cn-i-axegupay5k\u002F0236314001894642bb5bcf371554180b~tplv-tt-origin-web:gif.jpeg?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1792973320&x-signature=XhegSE7aGrMWXTC4o0zuZt8sDFo%3D)\n俯瞰基地。\n\n**第一招：良种打底，病害止步田外**\n\n“三水”融合，第一关是选品种。“不光看产量和米质，更看重抗病性。”姬红丽说。西南稻区主要病害有稻瘟病、纹枯病、稻曲病，农户常规靠打药防病，但基地全生育期几乎不施化学杀菌剂，底气来自多抗性品种。\n\n连续十多年，团队每年从市场主流品种中筛选多抗性优异品种，在江油基地展示。“江油气候利于多种病害发生，对品种抗性要求更高，也更容易筛出好品种。”姬红丽说。\n\n今年基地集中示范川康优2115、品香优607等优质水稻，在稻瘟、稻曲等病害抗性上表现优异。品种自身抗性强，病害起不来，化学农药自然省了。\n\n品种抗性究竟如何？种子企业也很关心。四川金色绿丹种业有限公司川北区域经理陈胜龙沿试验田看了几遍：“没找到稻瘟病、稻曲病症状，叶片干净，秆壮穗大，产量很乐观。”\n\n**第二招：田埂布阵，天敌与“陷阱”控虫**\n\n![Image 2](https:\u002F\u002Fp3-sign.toutiaoimg.com\u002Ftos-cn-i-tjoges91tu\u002Facfcb249e48cd472f480260e5551bb65~tplv-tt-origin-web:gif.jpeg?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1792973320&x-signature=B1pojs4Mx2mcaw2GJlWWImuIBDk%3D)\n田埂上种的甜荞。\n\n病害靠品种扛，虫害靠天敌控。不足半米宽的田埂，像一座迷你花园：甜荞开白花，蔷薇正艳，菜粉蝶、蜜蜂穿梭其间。\n\n![Image 3](https:\u002F\u002Fp3-sign.toutiaoimg.com\u002Ftos-cn-i-tjoges91tu\u002F85a45dc6b1fa07d071fd5c3d1578c4f2~tplv-tt-origin-web:gif.jpeg?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1792973320&x-signature=oCp5UghEu2I%2BkG6F5S36WgQDGUA%3D)\n田埂上种的蔷薇。\n\n“这些都是蜜源植物，是精心选的‘生态卫士’。”姬红丽说。稻麦轮作茬口期，田里没有庄稼，自然天敌没处安身，蜜源植物便补上空当，提供花粉、花蜜和庇护所。\n\n目前田埂还种了紫云英、二月兰，基地稻田麦田里的天敌种群数量，达到农户常规自防田块的10倍以上，全是自然天敌，没有人工投放。\n\n记者发现，田埂上还种着一人高的香根草。姬红丽介绍，这是从泰国引进的“陷阱植物”：气味吸引二化螟产卵，但含有毒活性物质，不适合幼虫发育，孵化幼虫大多低龄死亡，无法发育为成虫。一代代下来，基地二化螟数量越来越低。\n\n效果有数据支撑：水稻螟虫、麦蚜虫连续八年没达到化学防治用药阈值；蜘蛛、青蛙、田螺、泥鳅、黄鳝、蛇、野鸭、翠鸟等指示生物相继回归，并向周边农田扩散。“插秧时，当地村民都来抓黄鳝，知道我们不用药，黄鳝比别处多。”姬红丽笑着说。\n\n**第三招：生态当家，少打药照样高产**\n\n开农资店的罗勇，生意不如以前，但他却为啥挺开心？\n\n罗勇原是当地农资店主，卖农药化肥。“那会儿种植户见虫就打药，我生意也好。”但姬红丽团队来了之后，带来一个新理念：生态当家，少打药照样高产。\n\n“一开始我不信。”姬红丽团队带着罗勇一次次下田示范，请他到基地看效果。“后来发现人家不打药，虫子比我的还少，稻子还壮。”\n\n罗勇动了心，一边开农资店，一边承包土地。如今种植已发展到400多亩。“跟着团队学病虫害防治，品种从他们筛出的抗病品种里选，少打药减少人工，一亩地省100多块钱，产量基本不受影响。”他估计，今年亩产干谷能到1300至1400斤，在武都镇算高的。\n\n自己尝到甜头，罗勇又向周边大户推广：“少打药不是不管，是要靠品种抗病、靠天敌控虫。”如今，武都镇大户基本减少了打药次数，但产量没降。","今日头条川观新闻(2026-10-13)",69,{"impact":17,"substance":82,"depth":409,"authority":12,"freshness":114,"relevant":19,"comment":410},17,"连续十余年综合治理的实证报道，数据与多方信源扎实，具行业示范价值，但时效偏旧。",[412],{"name":406,"url":403},[24,135,172,414,415],"生态农业","稻鱼鸭共生",{"code":417,"slug":418,"name":419,"path":420,"parent_code":421},"D3","integrated-aquaculture","稻渔种养与生态渔业","\u002Ftopic\u002Faquaculture\u002Fintegrated-aquaculture","D",[423],{"code":37,"slug":38,"name":39,"path":40,"parent_code":41},{"status":43,"locked":13,"version":44,"method":45,"evidence":425},{"candidates":426,"agricultural_evidence":50},[427,431,436,442,446],{"code":37,"score":98,"supported":50,"title":428,"abstract":429,"tags":430},[286],[286],[135,24],{"code":417,"score":84,"supported":50,"title":432,"abstract":434,"tags":435},[433],"稻鱼",[],[],{"code":437,"score":67,"supported":50,"title":438,"abstract":439,"tags":441},"A1",[],[440],"稻田",[],{"code":59,"score":127,"supported":13,"title":443,"abstract":444,"tags":445},[],[],[414,24],{"code":168,"score":19,"supported":13,"title":447,"abstract":448,"tags":449},[],[],[172],[451,452],"四川省农科院 植保所 江油 稻鱼鸭","三水融合 绿色防控 样板田","四川省农科院植保所江油稻鱼鸭-5281","2026-10-19T00:07:41.376347Z"]