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Microbiome》。\n\n棉花黄萎病是危害棉花生产的重要土传病害。研究团队针对长期地膜覆盖条件下微塑料对棉田生态的影响开展系统研究，通过设置不同浓度低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）微塑料处理，分析棉花生长、土壤养分以及根际微生物变化情况。\n\n研究发现，地膜微塑料会抑制棉花生长，高浓度处理下，棉花出苗率和植株生物量均有所下降。更重要的是，研究首次证实，微塑料虽然没有显著增加土壤中黄萎病菌数量，但0.5%~2.5%浓度LDPE微塑料却会使棉花黄萎病病情指数提高54.29%~71.67%，说明病害加重并非病原菌增多，而是微塑料破坏了土壤微生态平衡。\n\n进一步研究表明，微塑料会改变土壤养分水平，干扰氮、硫等元素循环，并重塑棉花根际微生物群落结构。其中，真菌群落结构与功能紊乱是导致黄萎病加重的重要原因，细菌群落变化则主要与土壤养分失衡相关。研究揭示了“地膜微塑料—土壤养分紊乱—根际微生物失衡—棉花黄萎病加重”的完整链条，也解释了生产上长期存在的“土壤病菌基数不高，但病害逐年加重”现象。\n\n研究团队建议，在新疆、黄河流域等主产棉区，应将残膜减量回收、微塑料污染治理和根际微生态修复纳入棉花病害综合防控体系，通过改善土壤生态环境，从源头降低土传病害发生风险，促进棉花产业绿色高质量发展。","农民日报 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