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Computers

Volume 15

Issue 8

10.3390/computers15080549

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Open Access Article

A Multi-Chain Blockchain Framework for Trusted Data Management and Efficient Traceability in Fruit and Vegetable Supply Chains

by

Weiqiang Chen

Weiqiang Chen

SciProfilesScilitPreprints.orgGoogle Scholar

1,2,

Zhiyao Zhao

Zhiyao Zhao

SciProfilesScilitPreprints.orgGoogle Scholar

1,2,

Haisheng Li

Haisheng Li

SciProfilesScilitPreprints.orgGoogle Scholar

1,2,

Jiping Xu

Jiping Xu

SciProfilesScilitPreprints.orgGoogle Scholar

1,2,

Chongxuan Liu

Chongxuan Liu

SciProfilesScilitPreprints.orgGoogle Scholar

1,2 and

Xin Zhang

Xin Zhang

SciProfilesScilitPreprints.orgGoogle Scholar

1,2,*

1

School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China

2

Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Computers2026, 15(8), 549; https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15080549

Submission received: 22 July 2026 / Revised: 15 August 2026 / Accepted: 20 August 2026 / Published: 21 August 2026

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Abstract

Fruit and vegetable supply chains generate heterogeneous data across production, storage, logistics, and sales, creating challenges for trusted data sharing, privacy protection, and real-time traceability across distributed supply-chain information systems. Conventional single-chain blockchains suffer from limited scalability, data redundancy, and low retrieval efficiency, making them inadequate for high-frequency full-process information management. This study proposes a multi-chain blockchain framework for trusted full-process information management of fruit and vegetable supply chains. The framework integrates traceability, enterprise, notary, and regulatory chains to support hierarchical data management and privacy isolation. A reputation-based notary node election mechanism and a threshold-signature scheme based on Shamir secret sharing are designed to enhance cross-chain security and distributed regulatory consensus. To improve retrieval efficiency, a Cuckoo-Augmented Merkle Tree (CMerkle) and a skip-list-based block index are developed. Simulation results show that all malicious nodes were restricted by the 19th round, signature aggregation required 70.16 ms in a 500-node setting, and CMerkle achieved retrieval speedups of 14.7 and 153 times at data scales of 500 and 10,000 records, respectively. The framework supports trusted data governance, real-time traceability, privacy-preserving sharing, and regulatory decision supp