[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"topic-TGW1a":3},{"name":4,"kind":5,"tokens":6,"total":7,"page":7,"page_size":8,"items":9},"TGW1a","tag",[4],1,100,[10],{"id":11,"title":12,"url":13,"summary":14,"summary_zh":15,"content":16,"source_name":17,"source_url":15,"published_at":18,"category":19,"cover_url":15,"hotness":20,"is_selected":21,"score":22,"score_detail":23,"sources":30,"tags":32,"primary_topic":36,"secondary_topics":41,"classification":42,"search_phrases":61,"slug":64,"view_count":65,"doi":15,"paper":15,"created_at":66},1133,"中国水稻所张健团队发现水稻“早熟高产”稀有等位基因TGW1a 8月21日发表于《科学》","https:\u002F\u002Fnews.sciencenet.cn\u002Fsbhtmlnews\u002F2026\u002F8\u002F391009.shtm","8月21日,中国水稻研究所水稻生物育种全国重点实验室研究员张健团队在《科学》(Science)发表突破性研究成果,克隆到同时调控水稻熟期和产量的稀有等位基因TGW1aJZ,揭示其编码的类成花素蛋白可通过耦合“开花时钟”与氮素利用效率打破作物“早熟-高产”遗传枷锁的分子机制。改良新品种收获期缩短3-8天,产量增加4.2%-11.0%。研究明确作物“早熟高产”的实质是熟期与氮素利用效率的平衡,为培育早熟高产品种提供理论依据和基因资源。",null,"从7岁到14岁，张健的每一个暑假几乎都在湖南永州度过。外婆家种了几亩水稻，孩子们暑假里的固定“节目”就是跟着舅舅“双抢”。\n\n夏天的“双抢”就是抢收早稻的同时，还要抢时间种下一季的农作物。每天早上，张健和表兄弟们跟着大人，拿着镰刀去田里割稻子，再将稻子用板车推回家。“那时候最怕下雨。”张健说，有时候正在吃午饭，外婆突然喊“下雨了”，所有人丢下碗筷冲上房顶，把稻谷拢在一起盖上薄膜，防止雨淋后发芽。“双抢”的辛苦，就这样刻进了他的记忆里。\n\n我国南方一直采取多熟制粮食生产，在实际生产中，早稻抢收、晚稻抢种、再接油菜的“双抢”环节前后茬口衔接时间极短。数据显示，水稻每缩短1天生育期，通常会导致产量下降0.8%~1.2%。论文通讯作者张健告诉《中国科学报》，理想的办法是缩短作物的生长周期，让它们早熟的同时不减产。这也是破解多熟制茬口矛盾的关键。然而，历经近百年，“早熟与高产”如“鱼和熊掌”不可兼得。这一科学难题的特殊之处在于必须同时寻找控制两个表型性状（熟期与产量）的调控位点。\n\n从华中农业大学张启发院士门下博士毕业到在美国密西西比州立大学做了近6年博士后和助理研究教授，再到回国加入水稻所水稻生物育种全国重点实验室，张健研究的主角一直是水稻。\n\n在水稻所，张健最初的研究策略是做反向遗传学，简单说就是抓住一个基因，搞明白它可能的各种功能和生理机制。2018年前后，团队经历了一次关键的科研方向转型——从反向遗传学策略转为正向遗传学策略，专攻自然变异，也就是通过构建遗传群体寻找调控表型的基因和机制。\n\n要定位调控早熟和高产的基因，首先得寻找合适的亲本材料，才有希望在它们的后代中筛选出目标基因。经过几番选择，他们选定了华南及长江流域主栽籼稻黄华占和东北早熟、特大粒粳稻资源吉资1560为亲本，并利用它们重组自交系群体。\n\n张健将吉资1560比喻为水稻里的巨人——普通水稻千粒重只有二十几克，它却有60克，相当于普通人身高1.7米，他3米多。而且吉资1560的生育期比全国大面积推广的黄华占还短十几天。一个提供资源型稀有基因，一个提供生产应用背景，加上籼粳稻之间遗传距离远、多态性高，使它们成为理想的定位群体。","《科学》(Science)2026年8月21日(科学网2026年8月29日报道)","2026-08-29T01:00:00Z","报道",10,true,93,{"impact":24,"substance":25,"depth":26,"authority":27,"freshness":28,"relevant":7,"comment":29},28,24,19,15,7,"水稻早熟高产重大突破，发表于Science，兼具科研价值与农业应用前景。",[31],{"name":17,"url":13},[33,34,35,4],"水稻","早熟高产","Science论文",{"code":37,"slug":38,"name":33,"path":39,"parent_code":40},"A1","rice","\u002Ftopic\u002Ffield-crops\u002Frice","A",[],{"status":43,"locked":44,"version":45,"method":46,"evidence":47},"classified",false,"2026-10-22.2","rules",{"candidates":48,"agricultural_evidence":21},[49,54],{"code":37,"score":50,"supported":21,"title":51,"abstract":52,"tags":53},12,[33],[33],[33],{"code":55,"score":56,"supported":21,"title":57,"abstract":58,"tags":60},"F2",3,[],[59],"生物育种",[],[62,63],"早熟高产 Science论文 水稻 TGW1a","早熟高产 Science论文","早熟高产Science论文水稻TGW1a-1133",4,"2026-08-31T00:08:54.784833Z"]